An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0000759 ]
Term information
- BTO:0000759
- SCTID:181268008
- MAT:0000097
- NCIT:C12392
- FMA:7197
- MIAA:0000097
- EV:0100089
- UMLS:C0023884 (ncithesaurus:Liver)
- VHOG:0000257
- EHDAA2:0000997
- EMAPA:16846
- GAID:288
- MA:0000358
- Wikipedia:Liver
- XAO:0000133
- CALOHA:TS-0564
- EHDAA:2197
- EFO:0000887
- TAO:0000123
- OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
- galen:Liver
- MESH:D008099
- AAO:0010111
- ZFA:0000123
uberon_slim, efo_slim, pheno_slim, vertebrate_core, organ_slim, major_organ, human_reference_atlas
Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO]
relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO]
All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates.
An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003).
secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].
Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function.
Term relations
- digestive system gland
- abdomen element
- endoderm-derived structure
- exocrine gland
- part of some hepatobiliary system
- site_of some glycogen biosynthetic process
- overlaps some immune system
- develops from some septum transversum
- has part some liver lobule
- site_of some glycogen catabolic process
- site_of some hepatic immune response
- develops from some liver bud
- produces some bile
- contributes to morphology of some hepatobiliary system
- only in taxon some Vertebrata